Since the commencement of slavery, and then colonialism and

apartheid, African nationalism has been struggling to repel all forms

of imperialism, strengthen African autonomy and independence, and

consequently promote sustainable socioeconomic development on

the continent. However, after more than 50 years of independence,

sustainable reconstruction in the form of effective African integration

and development has not been in line with the aspiration of the

peoples of Africa. This has been symbolised by the transformation of

the Organisation of African Unity to the African Union in 2002.

Will the new African Union be able to remedy this situation by

responding to the expectation of the African peoples? What is the

essence of African reparation in this modern age of diplomacy and

globalisation ?