«Ce premier volume est donc une réussite à peu près totale dans un domaine d'une rare complexité. L'ensemble

permet de mesurer combien les idées reçues sur la censure dans les dernières décennies de l'Ancien Régime sont

révisées par une étude attentive des archives de la Librairie. On pourrait dire de l'ouvrage de W. Hanley en pastichant

Bélisaire : "La vérité luit de sa propre lumière".»

François Moureau, Bulletin du bibliophile

«Given the incomplete and uneven nature of the sources, it may be nearly as difficult to do a full-fledged, sociological

study of the censors as it is to write a social history of authorship in eighteenth-century France. But the censors

are listed in the annual volumes of the Almanach royal , and they left many traces of their careers in the Collection

Anisson-Duperron of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Using these and other documents, William Hanley is

preparing a rigorous biographical dictionary, which will make it possible to develop a prosopography or collective

profile of all the censors during the last five decades of the Ancien Régime.»

Robert Darnton, Censors at work: how states shaped literature

Under the ancien régime the law required that books be authorised by the State in order to be published legally in

France. Among the most important functionaries involved in the screening of ideas were the primary agents of this

preventive censorship, the royal censors. Given that their verdicts were normally accepted by their superiors they

played a crucial role in the policing of thought and are of vital importance in any consideration of the dissemination

of thought in the Age of Enlightenment.

This biographical dictionary of the 367 men who served as censors between 1742 (the year in which their names

began to appear regularly in the Almanach royal ) and 1789 (the year in which their activities ceased) covers a particularly

crucial period in the struggle for freedom of expression. It seeks to present as complete a picture of them as

possible. The entries are organised under the following headings: name, birth and parents, civil state, career, death,

posterity, reports on works examined, signature, further references, and notes.

To a large extent the originality of this project lies in its sources. In the interests of precision and completeness a

thorough search of archives, manuscripts, and eighteenth-century printed books and journals has been completed

in order to base the biographical sketches on primary sources pertaining to the major events in the censors' lives. A

great deal of material has been located at the Archives nationales, especially in the Minutier central des notaires;

information has been collected from the archives of most French departments, numerous towns, a number of foreign

countries, and the Bibliothèque nationale de France; and in that library the extensive manuscript collections concerning

the book-trade have been consulted extensively.

This work will serve as a valuable research tool. For the first time the names of all the censors who served during the

period are brought together. The results eliminate the confusion or ignorance which surrounds many of them and

some are identified for the first time. New material is made available concerning their public and private lives. Errors

are corrected and the process by which the printed word was scrutinised is clarified. Of particular interest is the

insight gained into the prevailing values of the establishment and into the attitudes and techniques of those who

sought to subvert them. Though the censors played a critical and sometimes surprising role in the struggle for the

minds of the nation, their place in the history of ideas has not been fully appreciated. This work enhances our perception

of their contribution to the ideological life of eighteenth-century France and our grasp of the structures

within which they worked.

A biographical dictionary of French censors will be completed in six volumes.