The 108 karaṇa make up the oldest Indian alphabet of movements to dance, theatre, sculpture and music codified in the Nāṭyaśāstra. Their oral transmission is extremely rare, and the author of the present publication nourished her theoretical research with the instruction in Bharata-nāṭyam that she received firstly in Paris from Amala Devi, in Chennai from Swarnamukhi, State Dancer of Tamil Nadu, and subsequently, over a period of thirty years, from Natyacharya K. Muralidhar Rao, in Mysore (Karnataka). Interpretations of karaṇa poses and steps from the Nāṭyaśāstra. are countless and creative, and they inspire contemporary artists.

In 2022 the author made a film on the teaching of Natyacharya K. Muralidhar Rao, which is freely accessible to readers of this book : Bharatanatyam Dance Theatre : Dancing of the heart , with support from Labex Arts-H2H/EUR ArTec (Paris 8 and UPL University).